When the constitution came into force on 26 January 1950 after 200 years of slavery, the people had great hopes from this constitution and it was much better than the hope of the people. The rights that every Indian citizen has got in this matter Is proof that now no one will have to face legal discrimination in India
1.RIGHT TO EQUALITY
The right to equality seeks to eliminate any form of difference. It allows entry into public places such as shops, hotels, ponds, temples on the basis of equality. There can be no discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, race, color, sex or place of birth. This right is very important because earlier in our society, there was no equal treatment with everyone in these places.The custom of untouchability is the worst form of inequality. It has also been arranged that the state will not confer any degree on any person except those who have achieved glorious achievement in the field of milliatry or education .
2.RIGHT TO FREEDOM
Freedom has been defined in the constitution in such a way that every person can enjoy his freedom without harming anyone's freedom and without hurting law and order.
no person can be arrested without giving any reason. When arrested, the person has the right to defend such case or by his preferred lawyer. Further, it is necessary for the police to place the accused within 24hr in front of the nearest magistrate. To present , It is for the magistrate to decide whether the arrest is justified. We often believe that anyone who is accused of a crime is guilty. But unless the court convicts a person of any crime, he cannot be held guilty. It is also necessary that the accused of a crime get a fair chance to protect themselves. Constitution provides for three rights for fair trial in court :-
●No person shall be punished for the same offense more than once.
● Any law which is made before the enactment of the said law.crime can not be justified.
● No person will be asked to give evidence against himself.
3.RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION
Crores of people are poor, dalit - exploited and deprived in our country or they can be exploited by the people. We know such exploitation as 'forced slave' or 'forced labour' in our country. In a similar exploitation, people were bought and sold as slaves. The Constitution prohibits both these types of exploitation. In ancient times, zamindars, usurers and other rich people used to get 'bonded labour'. Bonded labor is still done in the country, especially in kiln work. It is now labeled a crime and is punishable by law. According to the constitution, children below the age of 14 years can not given a job in a factory, mine or any other dangerous work . In this way, the constitutional right against exploitation has been made more meaningful by declaring child labor illegal and making education a fundamental right of children.
4.RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Freedom of faith and prayer Every person in India has the right to choose and follow his religion. This implies that a person can choose any religion or decide that he will not follow any religion. Religious freedom also means that all individuals will have equal right to believe, conduct and propagate their religion unhindered. But there are also some restrictions on religious freedom. The government may impose restrictions on religious freedom on the basis of public order, morality and health. The right to religious freedom is not unlimited. The government can intervene in religious matters to remove some social evils. For example, the government has taken several steps to curb like custom of sati, multiple marriages and human sacrifice. Such restrictions cannot be considered to interfere with the right to religious freedom. The control of the right to religious freedom often leads to tense situations between those who believe in different religions and the government. Whenever the government prohibits certain activities of a religious community, the people of that community feel that it is an intervention in their religion. Religious freedom also becomes a matter of political controversy for another reason. The constitution has given everyone the freedom to propagate their religion. It also includes the right to persuade people to change from one religion to another. But some people oppose conversion. They believe that conversions are done on the basis of fear or greed. The constitution also does not allow forcible conversion. He only gives us the right to disseminate information about our religion so that we can attract others towards our religion.
5. EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
Cultural and educational rights When we talk about Indian society, the image of diversity emerges in our mind. Indian society is not a homogenous society but it has a lot of diversity. In such a diverse society, some communities are small and some are large. Will the minority community have to accept the culture of majority community in such a situation? Our Constitution recognizes that 'diversity' is the strength of our society. Therefore, the right of minorities to maintain their culture is also a fundamental right. A community is considered a minority not just on the basis of religion but also on the basis of language and culture. A minority is a group that has a language or religion of its own and is smaller than any other group based on numbers in one part of the country or in the whole country. Such minority groups have the right to preserve and develop their language, script and culture. Language or religious minorities may open their own educational institutions. By taking such steps, they can protect and develop their culture. Government will not differentiate in the issue of giving financial grant to educational institutions on the basis that the management of that educational institution is in the hands of a minority community.
6.RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES Right to Constitutional Remedies Everyone will agree that the list of fundamental rights is very attractive in our constitution but it is not enough to give a detailed list of rights. There should be a policy that can put them into practice and protect their rights if they are disobeyed.
The 'right to constitutional remedies' is the means through which this can be done. Dr. Ambedkar termed this right as the heart and soul of indian constitution. Within this, every citizen has the right to go directly to the high court or the supreme court in the event of violation of his fundamental rights. The Supreme Court or the High Court can order and direct the government to enforce fundamental rights.
Governance in India | 3rd Edition | For Civil Services Preliminary (GS -I) and Main (GS - II) Examinations
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